元旦三天假,重新折腾了一下机器上的Gentoo,在这里记录一下所遇到的问题,一是记录,二是希望能够对遇到相同问题的朋友有所帮助。
Gentoo的官网提供了详细的文档,由基本的系统安装到X与桌面环境的安装配置都提供有详尽的文档说明,从而为Gentoo新手提供了极大的帮助。只要我们参考这些文档,基本上就可以完成Gentoo系统的安装。但是在安装过程,有以下几个需要注意的问题:
##内核编译
Gentoo基系统,X以及ALSA的安装都有相关的内核编译说明,为了避免一次一次的重新编译内核,建议在配置内核时同时参考一下X配置与ALSA配置部分的相关内容进行内核配置,特别需要注意的是,ALSA需要编译为内核模块,而不能直接编译进入内核,否则后面使用alsaconf进行配置时会出现”no supported pnp or pci card found”的错误。
##安装X
如果我们在编译安装内核时并没有配置X的相关配置选项,那么我们就需要参考X配置进行相关的配置并重新编译内核。
我们可以通过命令
emerge xorg-server
来安装X。但是这样会安装上许多我们根本就不需要的组件,因而我们需要有选择的进行安装。个人理解,对X组件的选择主要体现在为对X驱动的选择。我们可以通过/etc/portage/make.conf来指定需要安装的X驱动:
# These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically
# built this stage.
# Please consult /usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example for a more
# detailed example.
CFLAGS="-O2 -march=i686 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
# WARNING: Changing your CHOST is not something that should be done lightly.
# Please consult http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/change-chost.xml before changing.
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"
# These are the USE flags that were used in addition to what is provided by the
# profile used for building.
USE="bindist"
SYNC="rsync://mirrors.163.com/gentoo-portage"
GENTOO_MIRRORS="http://mirrors.163.com/gentoo/"
INPUT_DEVICES="evdev keyboard mouse synaptics"
VIDEO_CARDS="radeon"
这样我们再运行
emerge -pv xorg-server
时就会看到所需要安装的软件包大大减少。
现在X已经不需要Xorg.conf配置文件了,我们可以直接运行startx来测试一下我们的X是否安装成功。
##安装URxvt
URxvt,也就是所谓的rxvt-unicode,rxvt的unicode版本。在Gentoo Wiki中有关于URxvt安装配置的说明。在这里需要提醒注意的是在安装rxvt-unicode时要打开xft选项,否则编译出来的URxvt会出现不能正常显示而显示方框的现象。
USE="truetype perl afterimage iso14755 256-color xft" emerge x11-terms/rxvt-unicode
##配置ALSA
在Gentoo官方文档ALSA配置中对ALSA的配置进行了说明。但是多次失败后发现,ALSA应作为内核块进行编译,而不能直接编译进入内核,然后才可以使用alsaconf进行配置。
##安装GVim
Gentoo默认情况下所安装的GVim界面很是丑陋,因而我们在进行编译安装时应打开gtk选项。
USE="gtk" emerge gvim
##安装SCIM
SCIM的安装应注意的是需要在make.conf指定LIGUAS=”zh_CN zh”,这样在安装scim-tables后才会有五笔输入法可用。
安装完成后,我们可以在.xinitrc中进行配置:
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8
export XMODIFIERS="@im=scim"
export XIM=scim
export XIM_PROGRAM=scim
export GTK_IM_MODULE=scim
export QT_IM_MODULE=scim
scim &
exec startfluxbox
##安装RVM
在使用RVM安装iconv时也许会遇到下面的错误:
% rvm pkg install iconv
Fetching libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz to /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/archives
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 4605k 100 4605k 0 0 269k 0 0:00:17 0:00:17 --:--:-- 340k
Extracting libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz to /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/src
Prepare libiconv in /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/src/libiconv-1.13.1.
ERROR: Error running 'autoreconf -is --force', please read /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/log/libiconv/autoreconf.log
Configuring libiconv in /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/src/libiconv-1.13.1.
ERROR: Error running ' ./configure --prefix="/pub/home/rvm/.rvm/usr" ', please read /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/log/libiconv/configure.log
Compiling libiconv in /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/src/libiconv-1.13.1.
ERROR: Error running 'make ', please read /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/log/libiconv/make.log
Installing libiconv to /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/usr
ERROR: Error running 'make install', please read /pub/home/rvm/.rvm/log/libiconv/make.install.log
rvm --skip-autoreconf pkg install iconv
##使用Octopress
使用Octopress撰写博文后生成静态网页时也许会遇到下面的错误:
mylxiaoyi@mybox ~/octopress $ rake generate
## Generating Site with Jekyll
unchanged sass/screen.scss
/home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/maruku-0.6.0/lib/maruku/input/parse_doc.rb:22:in `<top (required)>': iconv will be deprecated in the future, use String#encode instead.
Configuration from /home/mylxiaoyi/octopress/_config.yml
Building site: source -> public
/home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/jekyll-0.11.2/lib/jekyll/convertible.rb:29:in `read_yaml': invalid byte sequence in UTF-8 (ArgumentError)
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/jekyll-0.11.2/lib/jekyll/post.rb:39:in `initialize'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/octopress/plugins/preview_unpublished.rb:23:in `new'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/octopress/plugins/preview_unpublished.rb:23:in `block in read_posts'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/octopress/plugins/preview_unpublished.rb:21:in `each'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/octopress/plugins/preview_unpublished.rb:21:in `read_posts'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/jekyll-0.11.2/lib/jekyll/site.rb:128:in `read_directories'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/jekyll-0.11.2/lib/jekyll/site.rb:98:in `read'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/jekyll-0.11.2/lib/jekyll/site.rb:38:in `process'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/gems/jekyll-0.11.2/bin/jekyll:250:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/jekyll:19:in `load'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/jekyll:19:in `<main>'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/ruby_noexec_wrapper:14:in `eval'
from /home/mylxiaoyi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin/ruby_noexec_wrapper:14:in `<main>'
另外推荐这里关于Octopress安装与配置的介绍,相信对大家会有一些帮助。
最后不得不提的,Gentoo官方文档实在是相当的丰富与详细,多多阅读Gentoo官方文档一定会收获良多。
That’s all~~Enjoy it~~